https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12573/424 2026-05-08T09:29:42Z 2026-05-08T09:29:42Z Yılmaz, Elif https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12573/2419 2024-12-23T09:02:04Z 2024-01-01T00:00:00Z

AHP-based evaluation of the suitability of public facilities: The case of Melikgazi, Kayseri Yılmaz, Elif Public facilities in urban areas, such as those for health and education, are expected to meet various humanitarian requirements. It is important to ensure that these facilities are suitable in all aspects in the urban areas. The aim of this thesis is to evaluate the suitability of public facilities proposed by zoning plans in the study area of Melikgazi District, Kayseri Province, by integrating Analytic Hierarchy Process and Geographic Information Systems. To evaluate the suitability, health facilities, green areas, kindergarten areas, primary school areas, secondary school areas, high schools and mosque areas proposed in the zoning plan were analyzed by considering the main criteria and sub-criteria determined within the scope of population density, transportation facilities and technical infrastructure services. The criteria were reclassified with Geographic Information Systems using the Analytic Hierarchy Process to calculate weight values for the Weighted Overlay and Weighted Sum analyses. The analyses identified non-suitable areas, suitable areas, and very high suitable areas. The study area was evaluated comparatively for each public facility using Weighted Overlay and Weighted Sum analyses to identify areas with suitable results and those in need of new public facilities. The results indicate that the primary school and mosque areas have suitable results, but other public facilities are still needed in areas close to the center with high population density; Kamu tesisleri, kentsel alanda insanların sağlık ve eğitim gibi öncelikli ihtiyaçlarını karşılayan alanlar olduğu için bu tesislerin kentsel alanda pek çok açıdan uygun olması beklenmektedir. Bu tezin amacı, Kayseri İli Melikgazi İlçesinde belirlenen çalışma alanında, imar planları ile önerilmiş kamu tesislerinin uygunluğunun, Analitik Hiyerarşi Süreci ve Coğrafi Bilgi Sistemleri’nin entegre edilerek değerlendirilmesidir. Uygunluk değerlendirmesi yapabilmek için imar planında önerilmiş sağlık tesisleri, yeşil alanlar, anaokulu alanları, ilkokul alanları, ortaokul alanları, liseler ve cami alanları; nüfus yoğunluğu, ulaşım imkanları ve teknik altyapı servisleri kapsamında belirlenen ana kriterler ve alt kriterler dikkate alınarak analiz edilmiştir. Coğrafi Bilgi Sistemleri ile yeniden sınıflandırılan kriterlerin Analitik Hiyerarşi Süreci ile ağırlık değerleri hesaplanarak, Weighted Overlay ve Weighted Sum analizleri uygulanmıştır. Her iki analiz sonucunda da uygun olmayan alanlar, uygun alanlar ve çok uygun alanlar saptanmıştır. Her bir kamu tesisi için Weighted Overlay ve Weighted Sum analiz sonuçlarının karşılaştırmalı değerlendirmesi yapılarak çalışma alanında uygun sonuç veren bölgeler ve yeni kamu tesisine ihtiyaç duyan bölgeler tespit edilmiştir. Elde edilen sonuçlara göre ilkokul ve cami alanları uygun sonuç ortaya koymuşken çalışma alanının, özellikle nüfus yoğunluğunun yüksek olan merkeze yakın bölgelerinde diğer kamu tesislerine hala ihtiyaç duyduğu tespit edilmiştir.

2024-01-01T00:00:00Z Şaka, Şükrü https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12573/1436 2023-02-17T06:35:36Z 2022-01-01T00:00:00Z

The use of waste plastics in asphalt mixtures Şaka, Şükrü Within the scope of this study, the use of waste plastics in asphalt mixtures for surface layer of pavements was evaluated considering the specification limits in the Highways Technical Specifications of Turkiye General Directorate of Higways. Waste plastic data collected in Talas region has been used, a circular economy model has been created and its contributions have been evaluated. Polyethylene type of waste plastics as high and low density were used to replace bitumen in hot asphalt mixtures with 7.5 to 12.5% by weight of bitumen. The optimum binder content currently used by the Talas municipality was kept constant as (5%). In the context of Highways Technical Specifications, Marshall stability and flow values of the mixtures with and without waste plastics were determined and 10% replacement level were selected to use for further testing due its maximum stability and proper flow value (2-4 mm). Air voids, voids filled with bitumen, voids in mineral aggregates parameters on asphalt mixtures as well as softening point and flash point of bituminous binders were also determined. In addition, environmental impacts of asphalt mixtures with and without waste plastic replacement were examined via life cycle assessment methodology in the scope of cradle-to-gate.10% replacement of bitumen with waste plastics increased stability, air voids, voids in mineral aggregates and decreased flow and void filled with bitumen of asphalt mixtures as compared with the control. Softening point and flash point of bitumen increased with waste plastic replacement. Considering the environmental impact of with and without waste plastic replacement asphalt mixtures, abiotic depletion, ozone layer depletion, terrestrial ecotoxicity, and eutrophication values increased. Abiotic depletion (fossil fuels), global warming, freshwater aquatic, marine aquatic ecotoxicity, photochemical oxidation, acidification, and human toxicity values decreased. The cost of waste plastic replacement asphalt mixtures can reduce the costs of production, and laying costs.; Bu çalışma kapsamında, Türkiye Karayolları Genel Müdürlüğü Karayolları Teknik Şartnamesi'nde yer alan spesifikasyon limitleri dikkate alınarak atık plastiklerin asfalt karışımlarında aşınma tabakası içerisinde kullanımı değerlendirilmiştir.Talas bölgesinde toplanan atık plastik verileri kullanılmış olup, döngüsel ekonomi modeli oluşturulmuş ve katkıları değerlendirilmiştir. Bitüm ağırlığının %7,5 ve %12,5 oranları arasında plastik ikamesi ile bitümün yerine yüksek ve düşük yoğunluklu polietilen türü atık plastikler kullanılmıştır. Halihazırda Talas belediyesi tarafından kullanılan optimum bağlayıcı içeriği (%5) olarak sabit tutulmuştur.Teknik şartname kapsamında atık plastik içeren ve içermeyen karışımların Marshall stabilitesi ve akma değerleri belirlenmiştir. Maksimum stabilite ve uygun akış değeri (2-4 mm) nedeniyle testler için %10 ikame seviyesi seçilmiştir. Asfalt karışımlarda stabilite, akma, hava boşlukları, bitümle dolu boşluklar, mineral agregalar arası boşluklar gibi parametrelerinin yanı sıra bitümlü bağlayıcıların yumuşama ve parlama noktaları da incelenmiştir. Beşikten-kapıya yaşam döngü değerlendirmesi ile atık plastik ikameli ve plastiksiz asfalt karışımlarının çevresel etkileri karşılaştırılmıştır. Bitümün atık plastiklerle %10 oranında değiştirilmesi, kontrol numunesi ile karşılaştırıldığında, plastik ikameli asfaltların stabilitesini, hava boşluklarını, mineral agregalar arasındaki boşlukları arttırmış, akma ve bitümle dolu boşlukları azaltmıştır. Atık plastik ikamesi ile bitümün yumuşama ve parlama noktası artmıştır. İkameli ve plastiksiz asfalt karışımlarının çevresel etkileri karşılaştırıldığında, abiyotik tükenme, ozon tabakası incelmesi, karasal ekotoksisite ve ötrofikasyon değerleri artmıştır. Abiyotik tükenme(fosil yakıtlar), küresel ısınma, tatlı su-sucul, deniz-sucul ekotoksisite, fotokimyasal oksidasyon, asitlenme ve insan toksisite değerleri azalmıştır. Atık plastik ikamesi ile asfalt karışımlarının üretim ve serim maliyetleri azaltılabilir.

2022-01-01T00:00:00Z Gülçimen, Sedat https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12573/1353 2022-08-22T13:22:18Z 2021-01-01T00:00:00Z

A life cycle approach for sustainable and energy efficient urban transport Gülçimen, Sedat The objective of this thesis study is to evaluate the sustainability of the urban transport system in Kayseri. In the first part, a life cycle sustainability assessment (LCSA) of the tramway system was performed using a cradle‐to‐grave approach by integrating the environmental, economic, and social aspects for the case of Kayseri, Turkey. The LCSA results revealed that the operation and maintenance phase were determined as the main contributor to the environmental load of the tramway system within its entire life cycle. For economic assessment, the main contributor to the total life cycle cost was energy cost. In the social performance evaluation, it is found that the industry performs well for society, the local community, and workers but has a weaker social performance for the consumer due to a weak feedback mechanism. In the second part, urban transport alternatives were evaluated with the integration of Hesitant Fuzzy Analytical Hierarchy Process (HF-AHP) and Multiple Attribute Utility Models (MAUT) methods. Eight sustainable transport indicators were selected and the weights of selected indicators are calculated with the utilization of HF-AHP. Based on HF-AHP results, the number of fatalities/injuries has been determined as the most significant indicator among the eight indicators with 0.158 normalized weight. Then, twelve urban transport alternatives were ranked by using the MAUT method to decide the most sustainable urban transport alternative. The results of this integrated methodology present that alternative 11, which is dominated by low-motorized vehicles, has been determined as the best sustainable alternative and alternative 1 is the worst sustainable alternative which is dominated by high-motorized vehicles with 0.69 and 0.27 of total utility values, respectively.

2021-01-01T00:00:00Z ÖZUZUN, SÜMEYYE https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12573/334 2021-11-22T16:10:32Z 2019-01-01T00:00:00Z

Humic acid-based superplasticizer for sustainable concrete ÖZUZUN, SÜMEYYE Superplasticizers are polymeric agents that improve the workability of fresh concrete and improve the mechanical properties of hardened concrete by reducing the required amount of water in the mixtures. Commonly used superplasticizers are not regarded as ecoefficient products due to their high energy consumption and high cost of raw material used in the production. There are studies in the literature on the use of humic acid as a dispersant, acting as a superplasticizer and created an intermolecular separating force by electrostatic repulsion and steric hindrance. However, the published literature is lack of studies on the use of humic acid as a superplasticizer in cementitious systems. The aim of this study is to investigate the plasticizing efficiency of a commercially available humic acid (HA) based solution, which is actually obtained from leonardite for agricultural use, in cementitious systems as well its effects on hydration and mechanical properties of the systems at various dosages. HA based solution was evaluated comparatively with respect to lignin based and naphthalene-based superplasticizers. HA based solution showed a plasticizing efficiency similar to lignin and the naphthalenebased product. The results suggest that humic acid-based agents should be considered as eco-efficient superplasticizers due to the similar performance on workability, hydration kinetics and mechanical properties of cementitious systems when compared to naphthalene-based superplasticizer

2019-01-01T00:00:00Z